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Noggin, also known as NOG, is a protein that is involved in the development of many body tissues, including nerve tissue, muscles, and bones. In humans is encoded by the ''NOG'' gene.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=9241 )〕 The amino acid sequence of human noggin is highly homologous to that of rat, mouse, and ''Xenopus (''an aquatic-frog genus). The protein's name, which is a slang English-language word for "head," was coined in reference to its ability to produce embryos with large heads when exposed at high concentrations. == Function == Noggin is a signaling molecule that plays an important role in promoting somite patterning in the developing embryo. It is released from the notochord and regulates bone morphogenic protein during development. The absence of BMP4 will cause the patterning of the neural tube and somites from the neural plate in the developing embryo. It also causes formation of the head and other dorsal structures.〔 Noggin function is required for correct nervous system, somite, and skeletal development.〔 Experiments in mice have shown that noggin also plays a role in learning, cognition, bone development, and neural tube fusion. Heterozygous missense mutations in the noggin gene can cause deformities such as joint fusions and syndromes such as multiple synostosis syndrome (SYNS1) and proximal symphalangism (SIM1).〔 SYNS1 is different from SYM1 by causing hip and vertebral fusions.〔 The embryo may also develop shorter bones, miss any skeletal elements, or lack multiple articulating joints.〔 Noggin is essential for proper bone and limb development, and it carries out many processes that are essential for proper neural development in the embryo. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Noggin (protein)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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